2023年、インドは中国を追い抜き、世界一の人口大国になりました
掲示板に登場するインドの動画にはどれも人の多さが目立ち驚かされます
スクールバスのドア付近には子供たちがひしめき合い後方から見るとバスが左に傾いてる
途中で手を放して転落する子供がいてもお構いなし
通勤電車の混雑ぶりはいうに及ばず日本の10倍以上の人口があるので当然と言えば当然である
しかしそのインドでも合計特殊出生率の低下が最近の新聞の記事に掲載された
「インドで少子化？んなわけない」と思うかもしれないが実際には将来そうなっていくらしい
中国の一人っ子政策は知ってる人も多いがインドもそれなりに長年にわたって人口抑制策に取り組んできた
1960年インドの出生率は6.0
1990年代に入り政府が先頭に立ち避妊教育や家族計画プログラムを推進してきた
それと女性の教育水準の向上
自らお金を稼ぐ女性が増加し結婚してたくさん出産し時間を奪われることを嫌い始めた
このようなことでインドもやがて人口が減少に転じていくらしい
しかし当分の間は増加し減少に転じるのは40年先らしいです
India, which now has the world’s largest population, has an image of a declining birthrate.Why has the birth rate dropped so low?
The first factor is India’s long-standing population control measures.In particular, in the 1960s (and some subsequent periods), population explosion was a situation that should have been described mainly in developing countries.There were times when serious resource shortages and food shortages were feared to occur on a global scale in the future.In 1960, India’s birth rate was at an infinitely close to 6.0, so there was also pressure from Western countries and international organizations to curb the population.As a result, the government at that time actively promoted family planning programs, including contraception education for women.Since the 1970s, the birth rate in India has declined significantly.
The second is the improvement of women’s educational standards.Table 2 shows the percentage of female college graduates and illiterates in major Indian states in 2020.India’s overall female population accounts for only 9.9 percent of college graduates or higher, but Tamil Nadu (20.5 percent), Delhi Territory (19.0 percent), Maharashtra (12.1 percent), Karnataka (10.7 percent) and Haryana (10.1 percent).At the same time, the percentage of illiterates is relatively low.These states are correlated with states whose fertility rates are lower than those shown in Table 1 as a whole.As the level of education increases, opportunities for better employment increase, especially in urban areas.As a result, it is possible to live as an independent woman without relying on financial support from her family or spouse, which can lead to a decline in the birth rate.
